The swash plate axial piston pump is a hydraulic pump that uses the volume change caused by the reciprocating motion of the plunger parallel to the transmission shaft in the plunger hole to work.
Working Principle
The plunger is evenly distributed in the plunger hole of the cylinder along the axial direction. The spring installed in the hollow part of the transmission shaft presses the sliding shoe of the plunger head to the swash plate at an angle to the shaft through the pressure plate and presses the cylinder to the distribution plate on the other hand.
When the prime mover drives the cylinder to rotate through the transmission shaft, due to the restraining reaction force of the swash plate, the plunger at the far point (top dead center) moves inward in the plunger hole of the cylinder, the closed volume at the bottom of the plunger decreases, and the oil is discharged through the oil pressure window of the distribution plate; the plunger at the near point (bottom dead center) extends outward due to the spring force, the volume at the bottom of the plunger increases, and the oil in the oil tank is sucked in through the oil suction window of the distribution plate.
The prime mover rotates continuously, and the pump continuously absorbs and presses oil.
In addition, the swash plate axial piston pump also uses a variety of technical means to improve efficiency and reduce noise, such as opening a vibration reduction groove (hole) in the oil suction and pressure window of the valve plate or placing the valve plate at a certain angle along the rotation direction of the cylinder body to slow down the sudden change of pressure, reduce vibration and reduce noise.
Structural Features of Swash Plate Axial Piston Pump
The inclination angle of the swash plate is adjustable: By adjusting the inclination angle of the swash plate, the length of the plunger stroke can be changed, thereby changing the displacement of the hydraulic pump. At the same time, changing the inclination direction of the swash plate can also change the direction of oil suction and oil pressure, so that it can be used as a two-way variable pump.
The hydrostatic support structure of the slipper: adding a slipper between the plunger ball head and the swash plate can effectively reduce the wear of the plunger ball head. Because the slipper is designed according to the principle of hydrostatic bearings, the pressure oil in the cylinder body flows into the slipper oil chamber through the small hole in the middle of the plunger ball head, and effective liquid lubrication can be formed between the slipper and the swash plate, which greatly improves the contact between the plunger ball head and the swash plate.
Automatic compensation of end face clearance: The pump is designed with an automatic compensation mechanism of end face clearance in mind to ensure long-term stable operation of the pump.
Technical Advantages
To improve efficiency, the swash plate axial piston pump adopts a variety of technical means.
1. Optimization of the swash plate inclination angle
The swash plate inclination angle affects the angle between the plunger and the axial direction when it moves. By adjusting the swash plate inclination angle, the fit between the swash plate and the plunger can be improved, the noise and wear of the pump can be reduced, and the efficiency and output flow of the pump can be improved.
2. Optimization of the shape of the plunger hole
The shape of the plunger hole also affects the efficiency and output flow of the pump. By adjusting the shape of the plunger hole, the plunger movement trajectory of the pump can be optimized, the pressure loss can be reduced, the efficiency and output flow of the pump can be improved, and the noise and vibration of the pump can be reduced.
3. Improvement of valve seat clearance
The valve seat clearance is one of the important parameters of the pump, which directly affects the output flow and pressure stability of the pump. By improving the valve seat clearance, the output flow and stability of the pump can be improved, the noise and vibration of the pump can be reduced, and the service life of the pump can be extended.
4. Optimization of the internal adjustment mechanism
Internal adjustment of the swash plate: The internal adjustment mechanism is critical for pressure compensation and dynamic response. By optimizing the internal adjustment mechanism of the swash plate, it is possible to ensure that the pump can maintain efficient operation under different loads and operating conditions, providing the required hydraulic power without consuming unnecessary energy.
Pressure compensator: The pressure compensator adjusts the swash plate angle according to the system pressure, maintaining a constant system pressure by changing the pump displacement, thereby improving overall system efficiency.
Load sensing: The load sensing valve measures the pressure drop across the metering orifice or load and adjusts the swash plate angle to provide a flow that just meets the load demand, thereby maintaining optimal performance.
5. Application of lubrication system
The lubrication system can reduce friction and wear on the swash plate while helping to dissipate the heat generated during operation. Regular inspection and maintenance of the lubrication system to ensure its effectiveness can significantly improve the efficiency and service life of the pump.
6. Advanced control technology
Modern variable displacement piston pumps can use electronic control to accurately manage the swash plate angle and other variables. Sensors detect parameters such as pressure, flow, and swash plate position, and the electronic control unit processes these signals and sends commands to the actuator to adjust the swash plate angle accordingly for precise control.
7. Application of efficient materials
Key components such as the swash plate and plunger are made of high-quality and durable materials, such as hardened steel or other corrosion-resistant alloys, to improve their wear resistance and corrosion resistance, thereby extending the service life of the pump and improving operating efficiency.
8. Improvement of sealing technology
Check the integrity of the seals around the swash plate and replace damaged or worn seals in time to maintain a sealed and efficient system. Improvements in sealing technology can reduce leakage and improve the efficiency of the pump.
In Summary
The swash plate axial piston pump improves its efficiency through a variety of technical means such as optimizing the swash plate inclination angle, plunger hole shape, valve seat clearance, internal adjustment mechanism, lubrication system, advanced control technology, efficient material application and sealing technology improvement. The comprehensive application of these technical means makes the swash plate axial piston pump excel in high pressure, high efficiency, and reliable operation.
